施加: to exert (effort or pressure)...
祖国: motherland...
顽强: tenacious, hard to defeat...
乐观: optimistic, hopeful...
作出: to put out, to come up with, to make (a choice, decision, proposal, response, comment etc), to issue (a permit, statement, explanation, apology, reassurance to the public etc), to draw (conclusion...
器材: equipment, material...
并列: to stand side by side, to be juxtaposed...
项目: item, project, (sports) event...
